It can also be found in certain solders, as an alloy with tin.įree antimony occurs in a few mines around the world.Īntimony can be extracted by reducing it's ore, stibnite (Sb 2S 3) with a reducing agent, such as iron. Above this temperature and in ambient light, this metastable allotrope transforms into the more stable black allotrope.Īntimony is sold by various chemical suppliers and can also be found on eBay and Amazon. Can only be made by oxidation of stibine (SbH 3) at −90 ☌. Yellow: The most unstable allotrope form.Can detonate if grounded with a pestle in a mortar. If scratched with a sharp object, an exothermic reaction occurs and white fumes are given off as metallic antimony is formed. Explosive: can be made via electrolysis of antimony(III) chloride.At 100 ☌, black antimony gradually transforms into the stable metallic form. It oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously. It has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic, but is much more reactive. Black: Formed upon rapid cooling of metallic antimony vapors.It melts at 630.63 ☌ and boils at 1635 ☌. It has the aspect of a brittle, silver-white solid. Metallic: The most stable form of antimony.Pentacoordinated organoantimony compounds are common, examples being Sb(C 6H 5) 5 and several related halides.Īntimony is a silvery gray metalloid. Examples include triphenylstibine Sb(C 6H 5) 3, chlorodiphenylstibine Sb(C 6H 5) 2Cl, etc. A large variety of compounds are known with both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers, including mixed halo-organic derivatives, anions, and cations. Organoantimony compounds are typically prepared by alkylation of antimony halides with Grignard reagents, in an aprotic solvent. The pentahalides are formed by oxidizing the trihalides with their respective halogen. The presence of moisture leads to hydrolysis. The trihalides are formed by reacting antimony, antimony(III) oxide or antimony(III) sulfide with hydrohalic acids, in inert conditions. Unlike the oxides of phosphorus and arsenic, antimony oxides are amphoteric, and do not form well-defined oxoacids and react with acids to form antimony salts.Īntimony is resistant to attack by most acids.Īntimony forms two series of halides: SbX 3 and SbX 5. Antimony also forms a mixed-valence oxide, antimony tetroxide (Sb 2O 4), which features both Sb(III) and Sb(V). Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but will burn in air to give antimony(III) oxide:Īntimony pentoxide (Sb 4O 10) cannot form by burning the element in open air, and is obtained by oxidizing antimony with concentrated nitric acid.
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